Notes Of Resources And Development Geography Class 10th

• It is the most important renewable resource.
• Medium of plant growth and supports different living organisms.

Factors That Help In The Formation Of Soil:

Relief, parent rock, climate, vegetation and other forms of life and time. The natural forces like raining, water, temperature, Wind, glaciers, etc also help.

Classification Of Soil:

Alluvial  Soil:

• It is the widely spread soil in india and the entire northern plain is made up of this soil.
• They are deposited by the three important Himalayan river system i.e Ganga, Indus, Brahmaputra
• According to their age alluvial soil is of two types:

* Khadar (Newer Alluvial)

* Bangar (Older Alluvial)

• They are very fertile and contain potash, phosphoric acid and lime.
• Ideal for the cultivation of sugar cane, paddy, wheat, pulses, etc.
• Areas of alluvial soil are intensely cultivated and densely populated.

Black Soil:

• Its black in color also known as regur soil.
• This soil is idea for growing cotton, so it is known as black cotton soil.
• coelomates and parent rock are the foctors in the formation of black soil.
• They have the capacity to hold moisture contain lime, potash, etc and poor in phospheric acid contents.
• They develop deep cracks during summers which help in the content of proper aeration of the soil.
• Ideal for tea, coffee, cashews, etc.

Laterite soil:

• The word ‘Laterite’ is derived from the Latin word ‘later’ means brick.
• It is found in the areas of high temperature and heavy rain fall.
• Humus content is very low because most of the microorganisms like bacteria get destroyed drying summers.
• Ideal for growing tree, coffee and cashew nuts.

Arid soils:

• They are of red to brown in colors.
• They re sandy and saline.
• Due to the dry climate and high temperature, the soil lacks of humus and moisture. They are found in the areas like western rajasthan.

Forest soils:

• Forest soils are found in the hilly and mountainous areas.
• In the snow covered areas of the Himalayas, the soil experiences denudation.
• They are acidic and has low humus content.

Soil Erosion:

The denudation of the soil cover and its washing down is known as soil erosion.

• Human activities that cause soil erosion are deforestation, overgrazing, construction, mining, etc.
• Natural forces like wind, glaciers and water.

Kinds Of Erosion:

• Gully Erosion: Running water cuts through the soil and make deep channels. Soil becomes Uncultivable, known as bad.
• Sheet Erosion: Soil is removed in large areas in the form of sheet.
• Wind Erosion: Soil is removed at the time of heavy wind.

Measures Taken For Soil Conservation:

• Contour Ploughing: Ploughing along the contour lines.
• Terrace Farming: Steps can be cut out on the slopes.
• Strip Cultivation: Strips of grass are left to grow between the crops.
• Shelter Belts: Trees are grown in rows.
• Stabilization of sand lines by planting thorny bushes.